…Kyrgyz election. Specifically, this study tests the relationship between votes “against all” and urbanity, education, ethnicity, and exposure to violence. The analysis then proceeds to investigate whether votes “against all”…
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…the Turkmen language was standardized, and literacy officially reached 99% by 1970. The country’s once thriving Muslim community was repressed, and only five mosques still functioned for the entire country…
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…the city of corruption schemes and criminal groups. My plan entails real ways to solve problems, deemed “unsolvable” from the point of the view of the political elites. When I…
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…the last twenty-five years. However, many Georgians, mostly the younger generation, are seeking even better opportunities elsewhere. Although Georgia’s birth rate outstrips its death rate, the population is falling significantly…
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…republic, conduct multi-party elections, and enfranchise women”[9] as well as opening a university which served both men and women. However, change came rapidly and dramatically when the Red Army entered…
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…Although there are exceptions, the general argument can be made that Western traditions encourage transformational norms, while Soviet culture strongly encouraged transactional norms. Evidence of cultural influences on leadership development…
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…quality of Internet overall. Hopefully they will work on this along with the visa policy. Besides this, I was very happy with my stay. On the first day, I relaxed…
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…I have been lucky enough to be on since then. I have used my Russian in every country I’ve been to, for better or worse, as the Polish people did…
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…Union (except Russian). Your cultural identity is very important to you. Your ethnic identity is very important to you. Your national identity is very important to you. Your religious identity…
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…led the second largest and second most influential party. In his biography have been serious political defeats and a real chance of winning the presidential election. Gennady Andreevich (note: use…
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…Aleksey Ulyukayev, had fallen from grace due to a bribery scandal and has since been convicted by a Russian court and sentenced to eight years in prison and a $2…
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…parliamentary body comprised of Polish and Lithuanian nobles. Warsaw was originally chosen for this because of its central position between Krakow, then the Polish capital, and Vilnius, the Lithuanian capital.…
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…in Azerbaijan. Grozny itself had, by this time, also been partially industrialized by the Soviets with factories for farm machinery and fertilizer – two industries easily converted to producing military…
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…inefficient and environmentally destructive industrialization and laws which were seen as discriminatory towards the local population. Tallin’s city museum records these years in a jarringly red room, with all exhibits…
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…very young political party that, at the time, had participated in only a few regional elections. In the 2007 Duma elections, the newly-merged A Just Russia won 7.7% of the…
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…end to the current political cycle, which usually entails heightened political uncertainty, may also contribute to the economic dip with a decrease in investment. Downturns are natural in economic cycles…
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…it. Sites identified can be physical or virtual and are typically operated by a signals-intelligence specialist. They gather intelligence by intercepting signals from a wide variety of sources and each…
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…few or no remedial policies) Social exclusion/neutral policy (Substantial under-representation with neutral polices towards ending discriminatory social practices) Exclusion/repressive policy (Public policies substantially restrict the group’s political participation) Political Grievance…
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Vestnik was launched by SRAS in 2004 as one of the world’s first online academic journals focused on showcasing student research. We welcome and invite papers written by undergraduates, graduates,…
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Vestnik was launched by SRAS in 2004 as one of the world’s first online academic journals focused on showcasing student research. We welcome and invite papers written by undergraduates, graduates,…
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