Sergei Udaltsov and The Left Front

Udaltsov attending a rally in 2018. Source: https://www.rferl.org/a/russian-opposition-activist-jailed-over-pension-reform-protests/29434855.html

The above poster pictures Sergei Udaltsov in front of a flag with The Left Front’s logo. The text calls for his release from prison; Udaltsov has been arrested several times in connection with his demonstrations and protests.
Photo from 02Varvara

Sergei Udaltsov and his organizations, which include The Left Front, rose to prominence with the protests that swept Russia after the 2011/2012 election cycle.

Udaltsov’s early work began when he became the chairman of the Vangard of Red Youth (AKM) when it was created in 1999. The AKM was originally the youth arm of a small communist party called “Labor Russia,” one that consistently failed to gain significant numbers in elections.

In 2004, under Udaltsov’s leadership, the AKM left Labor Russia to become an independent organization seeking to unite other leftist groups.

In 2005, the Russian government “monetitzed” many social benefits, such as free prescription drugs and public transportation for the elderly. The government argued that accounting for and administering the myriad of communist-era benefits had become impossible under a non-command economy. Opponents, however, argued that it would only be a further reduction in the support and prestige of the nation’s elderly and socially vulnerable, who had already seen their pensions and state support ravaged by hyperinflation to below poverty levels.

Monitization thus led to a wave of protests in Russia – and a hope among Russia’s leftists that the increased social awareness and protest activity might provide the imputus to unite its desparte leftist factions and create a new, stronger leftist political force.

In the spring of 2005, the first Russian Social Forum was held, attended by the AKM and a wide range of human rights groups, trade unions, and various socialist, communist, and anarchist organizations. From this group, the idea for creating a “Left Front” was born.

Some members began operating under the Left Front name almost immediately. However, the formal foundation of the organization, in part due to disappointment that the monetization protests were short-lived, took more than three years to come to fruition. The First Congress of the Left Front was held in 2008, at which point the political platform presented below was adopted. It is presented here for the first time in side-by-side translation by the School of Russian and Asian Studies.

Left Front flags seen prominantly displayed at a protest held in Moscow in May. Photo from 02Varvara

The platform proposes reinstituting the Soviet Union. Former member states would be drawn back voluntarily, and the USSR’s economic and political system would be reimplemented by “forceful measures,” if necessary, but “without the mistakes of the past.” These β€œmistakes” refer to repressions used by the former communist government to maintain order and unity; they would be avoided by implementing a “direct democracy,” in which issues would be decided mostly at the local level by committees, operating on a “territorial-industrial principle,” or by direct referendums.

This “territorial-industrial principle” (производствСнно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏ), mentioned several times in the platform, refers to a Soviet-era concept whereby production clusters could operate as territorial administrive units, allowing them to make unified decisions on issues such as workforce and resource allocation, for instance, without having to first bring several territorial bureacracies into agreement.

In 2008, Udaltsov joined the 50-seat leadership council of Other Russia, which hoped to unify Russia’s oppostionist forces. In 2009, while working with the Left Front, he helped form the Russian United Labor Front (Rot Front; Российский ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π’Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚), another attempt to unite Russia’s leftist forces. In 2010, he became Rot Front’s chairman.

The Left Front, however, is his main political body and the one he remains most personally involved with. He is also still on the politburo that now forms the official leadership body for AKM.

Above, a short video with English subtitles of Udaltsov’s release from prison in early 2012, after spending much of December, 2011 in jail.

Udaltsov was arrested in December 2011 on the day of the disputed 2011 Duma Elections for taking part in the first, unsactioned protest against them. While in dention, he declared a hunger strike to protest the conditions he was held under, which also drew media attention and led Amnesty International to take up his case as a “prisoner of conscience.”

As the protest movement gathered force, Udaltstov remained at its forefront, appearing on stage regularly with long-time protest leaders, such as Nemtsov and Kasyanov, as well as other up-and-commers, like environmentalist Evgenia Chirkova. Udaltsov was also arrested twice with Alexei Navalny, the anti-corruption activist who has probably been the main face of the protest movement. These arrests, especially with Navalny, helped raise Udaltsov’s profile within the protest movement and among his supporters.

When Udaltsov agreed to support Communist Gennady Zyuganov for president in 2012, it was regarded as a major victory for the Communsists and a major loss for the protest movement, most of whose members were either liberal or nationalist and unlikely to support Zyuganov as a united opposition candidate. Some commentators speculated that Udaltsov might even become the future leader of the Communist Party after Zyuganov, currently 68 and reportedly having heart troubles, retires. However, Udaltsov has maintained a strictly independent stance, and has even incurred the ire of the Communist Party when, in a meeting with President Medvedev before the presidential elections, he suggested that Medvedev could postpone the elections for two years, and himself remain in office to oversee electoral reform before the elections would finally take place.

Thus, while Udaltsov is working to help unify Russia’s leftist forces and opposition, he also embodies, to some extent, its tendency to remain fractured across multiple organizations and grouped around multiple individual personalities. He also, as the below political platform shows, supports direct democracy in Russia, while also supporting the reconstitution of the USSR.

ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° Π›Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π° Political Platform of the Left Front
Главная Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒ Π›Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π° – построСниС социализма Π² России. The Left Front’s main goal is to build socialism in Russia.
НСпосрСдствСнная Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° Π›Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π° – обСспСчСниС Сдинства дСйствий всСх, ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ выступаСт Π·Π° социализм, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. БСгодня, люди, Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ эти взгляды, состоят Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… организациях Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π² политичСской Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π΅. Π˜Ρ… свободноС объСдинСниС сдСлаСт Π›Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ качСствСнно Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ массам Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ эффСктивныС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹ с Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. The Left Front’s immediate objective is to ensure unified action among all those who support socialism, democracy, and internationalism. Today, people who share these views belong to many different organizations, or are entirely uninvolved in the political struggle. Their free association will make the Left Front a qualitatively new movement, which will offer the masses the most effective forms of struggle against and methods to fight the the bourgeoisie.
I. ОбъСдинСниС Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… сил становится особСнно Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ Π² настоящСС врСмя. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ собой ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡƒΡŽ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρƒ Π·Π° Π²Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠšΠΎΡ€Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΡ†ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ»Π° всС Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΈ власти ΠΈ приняла практичСски ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€. ЀактичСски ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ всСх областСй общСствСнной ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ: Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, образования ΠΈ здравоохранСния, Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. I. Unifying leftist forces has become especially necessary nowadays. Various clans and factions openly struggle with one another for power and property. Corruption has hit all branches of power and is now practically an open secret. In fact, it is spreading to all spheres of social life: science and culture, education and public health, the armed forces and the police.
ΠžΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ форсируСтся Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ экономичСская ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ приватизация остатков государствСнной собствСнности. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π±ΡŽΡ€ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ огосударствлСния Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ дСлят Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π² собствСнных интСрСсах. И это Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ экономичСского кризиса ΠΈ Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ инфляции, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎ-оптимистичСскиС ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°. Simultaneously, the government is forcing the implementation of a radical, antisocial economic policy. The government property that remains continues to be privatized. Meanwhile, under the cover of alleged regulation, bureaucratic clans are, in their own interest, actively dividing property that was previously privatized. And this is happening against the background of an economic crisis and galloping inflation, exceeding the falsely optimistic government estimates by at least one and a half times.
БСгодня состояниС экономики Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ зависит ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ†Π΅Π½ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ рСсурсы, Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ· страны. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π΅ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡƒ. ВмСстС с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ свСрхдоходы Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ хозяйство. The state of the economy today depends entirely on the prices of oil and other resources exported from the country. This adds greater instability to the bourgeois regime. At the same time, the profits received are not being invested in the national economy.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ сфСры: Ρ€Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° Π–ΠšΠ₯, Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ сокращСниС бСсплатного здравоохранСния. НС ΡΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ намСрСния ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ бСсплатноС Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ срСднСС, Β«ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ» Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΡƒ, Ρ‚Π΅Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ искусство, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ памятники истории ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ β€” всС эти дСйствия ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ собой Β«Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ шок», Ρ‡ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Π΅ послСдствия ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ дальшС, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ большС. Destruction continues within the social sphere: in housing and utilities reforms, and in a sharp reduction in free health services. A complete elimination of free higher education is planned, as is an expantion of paid secondary education, β€œminimalization” of basic sciences and theatre, and privatization of historic and cultural monuments. All of these, the regime’s actions and plans, are a β€œsecond shock,” whose monstrous consequences have already appeared and will continue to appear; the longer they continue, the greater the damage.
ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ поддСрТиваСтся ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Π΄ срСдствами массовой ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠžΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ-дСмократичСскиС свободы, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ сущСствовали Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ (Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС принятиСм Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ…, «драконовских», Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ политичСских партиях, Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ΅, Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ…, противодСйствии «экстрСмизму»). БущСствуСт Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΡƒΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π° установлСния Π² странС Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ для довСдСния Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ ΠΈ уничтоТСния ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π² качСствС прикрытия Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π»ΠΎΠ·ΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ навСдСния порядка. Political stability is maintained through the regime’s control over mass media. At the same time, even limited bourgeouis-democratic freedoms are consistently decreasing, some of which have not existed for very long (including the adoption of new, β€œdraconian” laws concerning political parties, referendums, elections, and the fight against β€œextremism”). There’s a real threat that an authoritarian dictatorship could develop in the country to carry out liberal reforms and destroy our remaining social guarantees. To this end, slogans promoting patriotism and maintaining stablility will be used as a cover.
Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ стабилизации Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° являСтся страх Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Β«Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ потрясСниями», страх, ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄ΡƒΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ самим Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ «систСмной» ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. An additional factor stabilizing the regime is the fear felt by a majority of the population towards the new β€œgreat upheaval” – a fear which is painstakingly fanned by the very same regime, and in which part of the β€œsystematic” opposition even participates.
Π Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΡΡΡŒ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ, Π·Π°ΠΏΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ граТданской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. Но ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² этом ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ сСгодняшняя ситуация ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ с 1918 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π±Π°Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π·Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠ°. Π•Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ чувствуСт сСбя Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ сСбС «запасныС аэродромы» Π·Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ. ΠžΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ силовыС структуры, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡƒΡˆΠ½Ρ‹ власти, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄. This regime, striving for self-preservation, terrorizes the people with the spectre of civil war. But it is precisely in this respect that today’s situation has little in common with the year 1918. The social base of the new bourgeoisie is extremely narrow. A significant part feels that they are temporarily part off this social class in Russia, and they prepare β€œescape hatches” for themselves abroad. Power structures remain to support the regime, but they only obey authority as long as it obeys the people.
Π’ΠΎΠ»Π½Π° протСстов, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡΡΡˆΠ°Ρ Россию Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ вСсной 2005 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π° Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ – Ρ‚ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ пСрСстали Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, – Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π». Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π° всС врСмя ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°, начиная с 1991 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ протСста ΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² страны. Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π° эти Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ, Π²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ…ΡƒΠ΄ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° компромиссы. Народ убСдился, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ дСйствия Π½Π΅ бСссмыслСнны ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±Π΅ΡΡ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ массовоС сопротивлСниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ успСху. The wave of protests that shook Russia through winter and spring 2005 confirmed a major fact (one that many had stopped believing in): that there is a limit to the peoples’ patience. For the first time during the counterrevolutionary regime, which started in 1991, protest movements swept through most regions of the country. For the first time, the president and the government were forced to retreat and compromise to avoid something worse. People were convinced that their actions are not pointless or aimless, and that active mass resistance leads to success.
ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ организованная ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Π° России ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ взятиС власти. Если ΠΆΠ΅ бурТуазия с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° всС ΠΆΠ΅ развяТСт Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρƒ, Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π° это ляТСт Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΅. Therefore, an organized and conscious struggle by Russia’s proletariat could ensure a peaceful seizure of power. If the bourgeouisie starts a civil war, with the help of international capital, then the responsibility for it falls on the bourgeoisie.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ явлСниСм стало созданиС ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π΅ масс Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² – самоуправлСния, самозащиты, ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‚.ΠΏ. Π’ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² – самоС Ρ†Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ политичСскоС событиС новСйшСй истории. ИмСнно ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ инструмСнтом для слома ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ строя, ΠΈ основой Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ систСмы самоуправлСния масс. A fundamentally new occurrence arose: initiative was taken to create many new Soviets (Counsels) Β for self-government, self-defense, coordination, etc. The revival of the Soviets is the most valuable political event in modern history. It is precisely they that can become a crucial tool for destroying the existing bourgeouis system, and the basis for creating a future system of self-government by the masses.
Π’ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, нСустойчивоС равновСсиС – Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, которая сСйчас складываСтся Π² странС. ПодобноС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ постоянно. Π’ России Π·Ρ€Π΅Π΅Ρ‚ новая Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΡ. Воля Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° окаТСтся Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², навязанных правящим классом. In general, we can describe the situation that is now emerging in the country as a delicate balance. This type of situation cannot continue permanently. In Russia, a new revolution is brewing. The will of the people will prove to be above the laws imposed by the ruling class.
II. Π’ этих условиях Π›Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ всС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹: ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ. II. Given these conditions, the Left Front will use all avenues to fight: economic, theoretical, and political.
1. Π’ области экономичСской, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π›Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°: 1. In the economic sphere, both central and regional organizations of the Left Front will:
Π°) направят своих прСдставитСлСй (Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ, Π³Π΄Π΅ это Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π΅ сдСлано) Π² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ сСйчас Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ всСх ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ; a) send their representatives to all levels of territorial and worker’s soviets, which are currently being created (if they are not there already), and actively contribute to their politicization;
Π±) установят постоянныС ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ с организациями, ставящими своСй Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ отстаиваниС экономичСских интСрСсов Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π΄ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π² Π›Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚, приступят ΠΊ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ совмСстных Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ; b) establish regular contacts with organizations not part of the Left Front that aim to defend the economic interests of the people and begin organizing joint actions with them;
Π²) Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ всячСски ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ двиТСния, Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ протСстныС ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹ ΠΈ всС Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹, Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°. ΠœΡ‹ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ солидарности ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡƒΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈΡ… ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… структур ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈΡ… политичСского сознания. ΠœΡ‹ заинтСрСсованы Π² Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ партнёрствС с Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. c) support, in every way possible, new social movements, grassroots initiatives, and all groups that are fighting for social rights. We will promote strengthened solidarity between various groups, reinforce their organizational structures, and develop their political consciousness. We are interested in an equal partnership with them.
Π³) Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ постоянно ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΡƒΡŽ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌ, Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρƒ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌ: d) always provide direct assistance to individual labor groups that are actively fighting. To this end, we will give preference first and foremost to groups:
– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² дСйствий ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ставлСнников, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡ΡŒΠΈ трСбования Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ политичСский Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€; – protesting against the actions of the government or its henchmen; those whose demands have begun to gain a political character;
– Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π·Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ прСдприятий, Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Ρƒ ΠΈΡ… Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π² ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²; – fighting for the deprivatization of enterprise, for its transfer to public ownership or to management by labor collectives;
– Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π½Π° силовыС Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ занятиС прСдприятий. – that have resolved to take forceful action, including occupying businesses.
Π΄) Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ протСстными прСдприятиями, Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ пролСтарской солидарности трудящихся. e) promote contacts between protest groups, and develop proletariat solidarity among workers.
2. Π’ тСорСтичСской области ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ спСциалистов Π›Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π° становятся: 2. In the theoretical sphere, the first priorites ofΒ  Left Front specialists are:
– использованиС всСх достиТСний социалистичСской мысли, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ историчСского ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° для Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° развития экономичСской, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ политичСской ситуации Π² России ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° вновь Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΠ΅ вопросы; – to use all of the achievements of socialist thought as well as historical experience to analyze the development of the economic, social and political situation in Russia and the world, to obtain answers to the most critical emerging questions;
– Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Π½Π° этой основС ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ стратСгии Π›Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°; – on the basis of this, to devolop the Left Front’s positions and strategies;
– ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ противостояниС всСм Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ идСологиям (Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ, националистичСским, Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ, Ρ„Π°ΡˆΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€.); – to consistently oppose all reactionary ideologies (bourgeois and pre-bourgeois, nationalist, liberal, fascist, etc.);
– Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‰Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡƒΡΡΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ тСчСниями, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π›Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ, для сблиТСния идСологичСских ΠΈ тСорСтичСских ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. – to facilitate friendly discussions between various left-wing movements, both within the Left Front as well as outside of it, in order to bring together their ideological and theoretical positions.
3. Π’Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ°Ρ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° классовой Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹ – Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π° политичСская. Волько ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ счСтС, ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΊ власти ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ строя власти Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΡŽΡ€ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ. Π›Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ всС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ политичСской Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹ – ΠΎΡ‚ пропагандистского ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ всСобщСй политичСской стачки ΠΈ граТданского нСповиновСния. Π˜Ρ… Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ зависит ΠΎΡ‚ стСпСни подъСма Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ двиТСния ΠΈ способов сопротивлСния Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ власти. 3. The highest form of class struggle is political struggle. Ultimately, only it can lead to the proletariat’s arrival to power and the overthrow of the bourgeois power structures and bureaucracy. The Left Front is prepared to use all forms and methods of political struggle – from the well of propaganda to general strikes and civil disobedience. Which to use depends on how escalated the revolutionary movement and the methods for resisting bourgeois power have become.
III. Π’ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π΅ Π·Π° ΡƒΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π° Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ идСология. Однако слСдуСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ строСм, Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ‰Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ автоматичСски Π² ряды сторонников социализма. III. In the battle for people’s minds, liberal ideology has suffered its downfall. However, we should recognize that dissatisfaction with the existing system due to mass impoverishment does not automatically lead to a swelling in the ranks of socialist supporters.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ социалистичСскиС цСнности, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ возмоТности для всСх, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Π·Π°Π²Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΠ½Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ‚. ΠΏ. Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ всС Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ трудящихся. ВмСстС с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, каТдая ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ свои Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ для Π½Π΅Π΅ интСрСсы. И Ρƒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ, – ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ свои ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ психологичСскиС комплСксы, «страхи» ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ нСдостатками совСтского ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ собой Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ основания, хотя ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄ΡƒΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π³Π°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‰Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΆΠΈ. ИмСнно поэтому сСгодня, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°, трСбуСтся прямой ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ с людьми. Socialist values, such as social rights and guarantees, equal opportunities for all, confidence in tomorrow’s future, etc., are shared by all groups of workers. At the same time, each group has their own priorities. And each has “fears” about the shortcomings of the Soviet period – both general and personal, social and psychological. These fears have a real basis but are also inflated into monstrous lies by bourgeois propaganda. That is why now, more than ever, direct and frank conversation with people is necessary.
ΠœΡ‹ Π½Π΅ отрСкаСмся ΠΎΡ‚ БовСтского Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠœΡ‹ возьмСм ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ всС Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ создано нашими Π΄Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ. We will not renounce the Soviet experience. We will take from it all the best things that were created by our fathers and grandfathers.
Но ΠΌΡ‹ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌ старых ошибок. ΠœΡ‹ Π·ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄, Π° Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ – ΠΊ созиданию соврСмСнного социалистичСского общСства. ΠœΡ‹ оставим Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ государствСнной власти, сосрСдоточСниС Π΅Ρ‘ Π² Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠ°Ρ… нСбольшой Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Β«Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΒ», ΠΈΡ… стрСмлСниС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ сСбС всС стороны ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ общСства ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Никогда большС государствСнный Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚, силовыС структуры, ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ‹ бСзопасности Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ‹ΠΉΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠ·-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ контроля Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ наслСдства ΠΌΡ‹ отказываСмся. But we will not repeat the old mistakes. We will not look backward, but forward – to creating a modern socialist society. We will leave behind centralization of state power, the concentration of power in the hands of a small group of “chiefs,” and their desire to subjugate all aspects of society and every individual. Never again will the state apparatus, law enforcement agencies, or security agencies leave the people’s control. This is what we renounce from our inheritance.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ стадии развития социализма: сочСтаниС общСствСнной собствСнности с ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ народовластиСм, политичСской ΠΈ производствСнной Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ обСспСчит ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ рост экономики, Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ нравствСнности, форсированный ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ Β«ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒΒ» производству, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ справСдливости. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ успСх ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ социализма Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ этапС. The principal innovation of the new stage of socialist development is the combination ofΒ  public ownership with true sovereignty of the people, a political and economic democracy. This will ensure rapid growth of the economy, science, culture and morality, a forced transition to an information-based economy, and a principled new level of social justice. This will ensure the success and durability of socialism in its new phase.
ΠœΡ‹ выступаСм Π·Π° созданиС ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Боюза БовСтских БоциалистичСских РСспублик Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ основС. Π“Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ условия возроТдСния Π‘Π‘Π‘Π  – ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ равСнство Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ рСспубликами. Π›Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСспублик Π² ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ Сдинству. We advocate creating an updated Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on a voluntary basis. The main conditions for reviving the USSR will be internationalism and absolute equality in relationships between republics. The Left Front will provide fraternal assistance to the people of former Soviet republics in their movement towards unity.
IV. Π‘Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ социализма Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ общСствСнному мнСнию «аксиому»: общСствСнная ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ (социализм) – всСгда нСсвобода, Π° основа свободы – частная ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ (ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ). IV. Socialism’s supporters must defeat the persistant popular myth that public ownership (socialism) is always unfree, and that the basis of freedom is private ownership (capitalism).
Π­Ρ‚Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° облСгчаСтся самим Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ событий: Π½Π° собствСнном ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π΅ всС большС людСй ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ – Π² Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌ общСствС ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ свободами Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ лишь Ρ‚Π΅, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ дСньги. И Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ большС Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Π³, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ большС ΠΏΡ€Π°Π² ΠΈ свобод. Волько обобщСствлСниС срСдств производства создаСт Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° ΠΈ свободы всСм людям Π² Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅. Но, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» историчСский ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚, – Π½Π΅ автоматичСски. И слСдуСт это ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ. Reality should facilitate this task: people are increasingly convinced, based on their own experience, that in a bourgeois society, rights and freedom can realistically only be fully enjoyed by those who have money. And the more money you have, the more rights and freedom you have. Only by socializing the means of production will it be practical and possible to secure the rights and freedoms of all people equally. However, as we know from history, this does not happen automatically. And this must be acknowledged.
На Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ этапС развития социализма Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ осущСствлСна Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ политичСская дСмократия, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ: In the new phase of socialist development, a real political democracy will be put into practice, under which the following is guaranteed:
1. ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²Π° ΠΈ свободы Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² соотвСтствии с ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ: 1. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen, in accordance with international agreements;
– Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½Ρƒ общСства Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Тизнь своСго Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°, Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, страны Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ; – the possibility for each member of society to influence the lives of his or her own labor group, region, and country as a whole;
– свобода образования ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ политичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ, ассоциаций ΠΈ союзов (ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΡˆΠΈΡΡ‚ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈ расистских); – the freedom to establish and participate in political parties, associations, and unions (except those which are fascist or racist);
– свобода получСния ΠΈ распространСния ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, доступ ΠΊ срСдствам массовой ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ; – the freedom to receive and impart information, including access to mass media;
– свободныС Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ всСх ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² власти снизу Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Ρƒ, созданиС фактичСского равСнства условий для всСх ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ…; – free elections for all organs of government from the bottom up, creating de facto equal conditions for all parties and organizations participating in elections;
– ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ систСму ΠΎΡ‚Π·Ρ‹Π²Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… свои обСщания избиратСлям. – a simplified system for recalling deputies who do not fulfill their promises to voters.
2. ΠžΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ дСйствий всСх ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² власти ΠΈ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ: 2. Limits on the actions of all organs of government and lawmakers:
– ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ долТностных Π»ΠΈΡ† Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ своих ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ, взяточничСство ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΡ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ отвСтствСнности Π·Π° Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π½Π³Π° руководитСля; – accountability for officials who exceed their own authority, take bribes, or are corrupt, and accountability for violations increased in proportion to the official’s rank;
– Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° страны ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π·Π° состояниС уровня ΠΈ качСства ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ дСмографичСскиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ прСступности ΠΈ Ρ‚.ΠΏ., ΠΈΡ… Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ отставку ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΡ…ΡƒΠ΄ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ этих ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ; – annual government country and region reports on the standard and quality of life, including demographics, crime rates, etc., and an automatic dismissal of officials if these indicators worsen;
– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² всСх государствСнных слуТащих ΠΈ администрации прСдприятий (нСзависимо ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ собствСнности); ТСсткая ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ срСднСй Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ. – income transparency for all government officials and business administratiors (regardless of the type of ownership); incomes regulated to a strict proportion of the average salary made by subordinates within the organization.
ГосударствСнно-политичСской основой Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ этапС общСствСнного развития станут Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² всСх ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ‹ БовСтской власти – совСты Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° прСдприятиях ΠΈ совСты самоуправлСния Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…. Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ всСх ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΡƒΡŽ систСму общСствСнного управлСния с ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ распрСдСлСниСм Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡, ΠΏΡ€Π°Π² ΠΈ отвСтствСнности. The political and governmental basis for this new phase of social development will be the Soviets (Counsels) of People’s Deputies of all levels, which will form the executive branch of power accountable to them. The primary organs of Soviet power will be collective labor councils in businesses and self-government councils in neighborhoods. Soviets of all levels will form a flexible system of public administration with an optimal distribution of tasks, rights, and responsibilities.
Π’Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² производятся ΠΏΠΎ производствСнно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡƒ с ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π·Ρ‹Π²Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… довСрия. БистСма Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² дополняСтся систСмой Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ мСстных Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ваТнСйшим вопросам ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ общСства ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ срСдством прямой Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ. Elections for the People’s Deputies will occur on an territorial basis and by industry, with the right to recall deputies who have not earned the people’s confidence. The electoral system will be supplemented by a system of regional and local referendums on the most important issues of social life as a means of achieving direct democracy.
V. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ, базисной Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ социализма Π² соотвСтствии с ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ закономСрностями развития становится Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ собствСнности, Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‡ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ‚ срСдств производства. МаксимальноС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ производствСнная дСмократия ΠΈ самоуправлСниС Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ². V. The fundamental, basic feature of this new socialism, in accordance with objective natural laws of development, is a new mechanism for implementing national ownership, eliminating the alienation of the worker from the means of production. Maximum development will be achieved under economic democracy and self-governing labor collectives.
ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ прСдприятий, ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π°ΡΡΡŒ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ собствСнности, Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π½Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ хозяйствСнноС Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ вопросов, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ (свСрх госзаказа) ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Π½Π° распрСдСлСниС Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌ администрации ΠΈ Ρ‚.Π΄. A majority stake in enterprises, while remaining in public ownership, will be effectively owned and controled by the labor collectives, which will have the right to independently decide issues such as what to produce (above state orders), how to produce it, as will as issues of income distribution, employment, human resources, etc.
Под нСпосрСдствСнным государствСнным ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ сохранится Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ отраслСй ΠΈ прСдприятий, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² условиях СстСствСнной ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ (энСргСтика, связь, ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ транспорт, Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ ΠΈ Ρ‚.ΠΏ.). На этих прСдприятиях Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΈ обСспСчСно полновластиС ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π² Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… вопросов. Those industries and enterprises which are most vital or which operate as natural monopolies (energy, communications, long-distance transport, mineral extraction, etc.) will remain under direct state control. Workers’ control will be introduced into these enterprises, and the collective will be sovereign in resolving social issues.
Π’ отраслях сСльского хозяйства, ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ производства ΠΈ сфСры услуг ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ коллСктивная (коопСративная) ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ соблюдСнии ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°: ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊ – собствСнник, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ собствСнник – Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊ. In the fields of agriculture, small-scale manufacturing, and the service industry, collective (cooperative) ownership will be developed under the principle that every worker is an owner, and every owner is a worker.
Врудовая личная ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° срСдства производства сохранится для ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ производствСнной ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… хозяйств ΠΈ Ρ‚.ΠΏ. A worker’s personal ownership of the means of production will also be maintained for individual industrial and scientific activitiy, small farms, etc.
МСлкая частная ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚, Π΅ΠΉ прСдстоит Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ своё прСимущСство Π² экономичСском сорСвновании с общСствСнной (ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ) ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Small-scale, privately-held property will not be expropriated by force, but will have to prove its advantage in economic competition with public (including national and cooperative) ownership.
Π—Π° государствСнными ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ управлСния сохранятся: State governing bodies will have authority over:
– ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ основных экономичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ прямых Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ инвСстиций; – planning and managing the basic economic structure via direct orders and investments;
– ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π½Π°Π΄ Ρ†Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, монополия Π½Π° Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ; – price controls and a monopoly on banking and insurance activity;
– Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ использованиС общСствСнных Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ² потрСблСния, Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, здравоохранСния, Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования; финансированиС Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований; – developing and useing public funds, developing culture, health care, and education; funding basic, important applied scientific research;
– монополия внСшнСй Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ. – control of the monopoly on foreign trade.
VI. На сСгодняшнСм этапС развития Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ трудящихся ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ заинтСрСсовано Π² ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… общСствСнных прСобразованиях. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΡƒ самых ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ… слоСв насСлСния. VI. In the current phase of development, an absolute majority of workers is objectively interested in destroying the dictatorship of capital and in radical social transformation. Therefore, the leftist movement is justified in counting on the support of a wide section of the population.
Как ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ двиТСния остаСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ – класс людСй, Π»ΠΈΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… собствСнности Π½Π° срСдства производства. Однако ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ остаСтся классом Β«Π² сСбС». Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° внСсСния социалистичСского сознания Π² ряды соврСмСнного ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Π° встаёт ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ практичСски Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ. As before, the social support of the leftist movement is the proletariat – that class of people deprived of their ownership share in the means of production. However, it remains an unawakened social class. The task of introducing socialist consciousness into the ranks of the modern proletariat stands before us anew.
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚, класс Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², вновь возникший Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ рСставрации ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, состоит ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… основных частСй. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ – ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅, 10 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 12% трудоспособного насСлСния России. Π˜Ρ… Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ интСрСсы: Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ участиС Π² ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ производством ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… вопросов Π½Π° прСдприятии, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Ρ‹, ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ производство, Β«Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉΒ» Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ. The modern proletariat, the class of hired laborers that re-emerged in the course of capitalism’s restoration, is made up of two main parts. The first, industrial workers, is about 12% of the able-bodied population of Russia, or 10 million people. Their main interests include: real participation in managing production and resolving social issues in enterprises, actively operating unions, stable production, and “normal” earnings.
Вторая Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ (Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 14 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ) – массовая интСллигСнция: ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹, спСциалисты, Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ умствСнного Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°Β». Π•Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ интСрСсы: Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ саморСализации, творчСская Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, личная ΠΈ политичСская свобода, Π° Π² экономичСском ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ – ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. The second part (approximately another 14 million people) is the mass intelligentsia: engineers, specialists, researchers, professors, doctors, and other “proletarian intellectuals.” Their fundamental interests are: the opportunity for self-fulfillment, creative independence, human rights, personal and political freedom, and, to earn, economically, the same level of pay as industrial workers.
НаиболСС Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊ городскому ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎ своим классовым интСрСсам ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ сСльского хозяйства (7 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ). Π›Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ двиТСния ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ со стороны государства. Very close to the urban proletariat in terms of class interests is the rural proletariat and semi-proletariat (7 million people). The Left Front supports reviving the cooperative movement and providing it with aid from the state.
ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ° Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ хозяйствам, Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° основС ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ собствСнности Π½Π° зСмлю ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ собствСнности Π½Π° орудия производства. Support will also be provided to the farmers who work on publicly held lands and own their instruments of production.
ΠžΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡƒΡŽ массу – ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ трудоспособного насСлСния России, ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ сСгодня низшиС слои ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Π°: Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ нСпроизводствСнных отраслСй ΠΈ массовых профСссий Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ сСрвиса, ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ слуТащиС, ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Π³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ слои: Π»ΠΈΡ†Π° Π½Π΅ занятыС Π² экономикС, Π±Π΅Π· профСссии ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅. ИмСнно эта Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ политичСски пассивна. ИмСнно ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ массовой Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ для Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… (националистичСских ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°ΡˆΠΈΡΡ‚ΡΠΊΠΈΡ…) сил, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ для Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ двиТСния. Π‘ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ запросы этого слоя: обСспСчСниС ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ занятости, ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π° Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΠ°, Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»Π° Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ бСсплатного пСрСобучСния ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ своСй основной профСссии. A huge mass – almost half of the working population of Russia – now accounts for the lower strata of the proletariat: workers in non-manufacturing sectors, clerks, and the mass professions of trade and service. This layer also includes marginalized people: those not employed within the national economy, those without a profession, and the unemployed. This section of society is the most socially and politically passive. However, it is precisely this section that can become a massive base for the revolutionary movement – and for the reactionary forces (nationalist and pro-fascist). The social needs of this social strata are: a guarantee of full-time employment, earnings that amount to at least a living wage, protection from employers’ arbitray whims, the opportunity to receive free training and professional development, and to return to their main profession.
Около 10 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ – Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π·Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ пёстрая ΠΏΠΎ составу мСлкая бурТуазия: низшая Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ срСдних ΠΈ всС ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹, срСдний слой ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ‚.ΠΏ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ активная, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ общСства. Π•ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ СТСчасно ΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚, выталкивая ΠΈΠ· сСбя Β«Π²Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Β», ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ часто – Β«Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·Β» своих Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ прСдставитСлСй. Π•Ρ‘ двойствСнноС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ опрСдСляСт ΠΈ Π΅Ρ‘ нСустойчивыС политичСскиС симпатии. КолСблясь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Β«Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΒ» ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½Π° остаётся сСгодня ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ политичСской ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ строя. There are about 10 million people in the motley petty bourgeoisie: the lower part of mid-sized and all small business, farmers, the mid-level managers, etc. This is the most active, but also the least stable, social strata. Every day and every hour it sees new members, pushing out the top, the upper bourgeoisie, and even more often pushing out the bottom, its downtrodden members. Its two-faced positions belies its unstable political sympathies. Oscillating between “left of center” and the extreme right, it remains today the social and political support base of the bourgeois system.
Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… – Π² прСдстоящих классовых столкновСниях Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·ΠΈΡŽ, Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Ρ‘ использования Π² массовых ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π°Ρ… Π½Π° сторонС Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ националистичСских сил. Для этого Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ послС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ власти мСлкая частная ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ общСствСнная (общСнародная ΠΈ коопСративная) ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ своё прСимущСство Π² экономичСском сорСвновании. The task of the left in the coming class conflict is to neutralise the petty bourgeoisie, and to prevent it from being used on a massive scale by the regime of ultra-right and nationalist forces. To this end, we must firmly declare that, after coming to power, small-scale, privately-held property will not be expropriated and that public (both national and cooperative) ownership will prove to be economicly competitive.
И Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡƒΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ всС слои – личная ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΈΠΌΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎ, Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ высоко ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ. We will also need to convince all social strata that private intiative and enterprise directed toward the common good will be highly valued.
БтратСгичСская Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° сторонников социализма – ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ трудящихся, особСнно Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ класс, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ слои, связанныС с высокими тСхнологиями, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅. Π•Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ соврСмСнный ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ слои Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прСвосходят силы Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ способны повСсти Π·Π° собой всС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ слои ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ политичСскоС ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ пСрСустройство общСства. Strategically, socialism’s supporters must unite various groups of workers in the struggle, especially the working class, intellectuals, and new layers of workers involved with high technology. We must also to overcome their mutual distrust. A unified, modern proletariat, with new layers capable of leading the intermediate layers, will surpass the forces of the bourgeoisie by far, and will ensure the political and social reconstruction of society.
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ развития Ρ†ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ позволяСт Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ качСство ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ экологичСского баланса. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚: постоянный рост уровня благосостояния, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ справСдливости, творчСской свободы, Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ бСзопасности, увСрСнности Π² Π·Π°Π²Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΠ½Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π½Π΅. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ цСлям Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ всС политичСскиС ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ социалистичСских Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Civilization’s modern level of development can continuously and dynamically improve people’sΒ  quality of life without disturbing the ecological balance. This will mean a constant increase in the level of prosperity, social justice, creative freedom, personal safety, and confidence in the future. All political and social decisions in the course of socialist revolutionary changes should be dedicated to achieving these goals.
VII. XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊ станСт Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… потрясСний. К Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Ρƒ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… силах чСловСчСство вступило Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ эпоху. VII. The 21st century will be a century of unprecedented global turmoil. As a result of revolutionary changes in production, humanity had entered a new technological era even before the century began.
На ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ поднялись объСм ΠΈ качСство Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ силы – Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Знания (Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°) становятся Π½Π΅ просто «нСпосрСдствСнной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ силой», Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ «ускоритСлСм», ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²Π·Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ прогрСссу всСго ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ производства. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ условий Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚Π°, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ обСспСчСниС всСго насСлСния Π—Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ «высоких Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉΒ», соврСмСнных ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ транспортных систСм стало ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ основой объСдинСния Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… экономик Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ хозяйствСнный ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ СстСствСнный историчСский процСсс ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ носит прогрСссивный Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°, ускоряСт, Π² свою ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ, дальнСйшСС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… сил. Our main productive force – man – has reached a fundamentally new level in the quantity and quality of knowledge. Knowledge (science, education and culture) is becoming not simply “a direct productive force,” but even moreso, an “accelerator,” which will lead to explosive progress in material production. This will lead to an improvement in working and living conditions, and will make it possible to fully provide for the material and immaterial welfare of the Earth’s population. Developing “high technology,” and modern systems for information and transportation systems has become the material basis for unifying national economies into a single economic organism. This natural historic process objectively has a progressive nature, as it improves social productivity, and, in turn, hastens further development of productive forces.
Однако глобальная экономичСская систСма складываСтся Π² условиях господства ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π² своСм соврСмСнном Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅, являясь Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠΈΠΌ достиТСниСм капиталистичСского хозяйства, ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ нСсСт Π² сСбС Π΅Π³ΠΎ противорСчия ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈ. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ прСимущСства ΠΎΡ‚ тСхнологичСской Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ собствСнники срСдств производства, Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ большСй Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… богатств, прогрСсс развиваСтся Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π²ΡΠΏΡ‹ΡˆΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ ΠΈ экономичСскиС кризисы. 10-15% Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… капиталистичСских стран – Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ эксплуатации Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°. However, capitalism predominates the global economic system. Therefore, in its present form, with these high achievements of the capitalist economy, we also see its contradictions and flaws. The technological revolution’s main benefits and advantages are reaped by owners of the means of production, who posess most of the nation’s wealth. Progress develops through outbreaks of unemployment and economic crises. Exploition of the Third World creates 10-15% of the gross domestic product of developed capitalist countries.
Π Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… государств Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, Π±Π΅Ρ€ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° сСбя ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ экономичСской ΠΈ политичСской Тизнью Ρ†Π΅Π»Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ обильно ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… идСологичСскиС ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ манипуляции. Π­Ρ‚Π° тСндСнция нСсСт Π² сСбС ΠΎΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ для ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ… масс трудящихся. Crumbling nation states lead to a rise in the role of transnational corporations, which take over management of the economic and political life of entire nations, heavily manipulating ideology and information. This trend brings great danger to the broad masses of working people.
ΠžΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ глобального классового общСства ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Β«ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» государства, глобального Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° насилия. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ экономичСскиС интСрСсы капиталистичСского Β«Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Β» Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ политичСского подчинСния всСго ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°. И всС Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ этот Β«Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Β» дополняСт экономичСскоС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ политичСским ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. At the same time, the emergence of a global class society has led to a movement to form a global state and a global instrument of violence. The objective economic interests of the capitalist “center” require politically subordinating the rest of the world. And increasingly, this “center” adds economic coercion to political and military pressure.
Роль ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ°Π½Π΄Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ° приняли Π½Π° сСбя БША, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅, Π² качСствС Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ силы, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ НАВО. Π‘ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ экономичСского ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ давлСния Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ сСгодняшний капиталистичСский Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ – ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. Однако новая тСхнологичСская эпоха нСсСт ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, основанным Π½Π° частной собствСнности. The USA has become a world police, with the help of a subordinate alliance, NATO, as a supplemental armed force. The combination of economic and military pressure characterizes today’s capitalist globalism as the maximum form of imperialism – ultraimperialism. However, the new technological age will bring an end to relationships based on private property.
ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ основа этого процСсса – ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ, ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ срСдства производства, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ сСти Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ΅. The material basis of this process is transforming knowledge and, more generally, information into the main means of production, which, thanks to the Internet, inherently cannot be privatized.
ЭкономичСская основа – максимальноС обобщСствлСниС производства. Оно способствуСт объСдинСнию ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π² Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² капиталистичСского Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π° Π² пСрспСктивС (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ) создаСт Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ глобальной социалистичСской систСмы хозяйства. The economic basis of this process is maximal socialized production. This will promote unifying the world proletariat in the fight against the capitalist nature of globalization, and in the future (upon completion) will create the foundation for a global socialist economic system.
Π‘ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ основа – ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокоС качСство Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°, ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… самосознания, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… качСств, ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹. Its social basis is a fundamentally new, higher quality wage laborer, with a higher level of self-awareness, professional qualities, and common culture.
ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ основа – нСустранимыС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ противорСчия ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹, ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ двиТСния. Its political basis is the social and philosophical contradictions and conflicts inherent in capitalism and give rise to anti-bourgeois revolutionary and national liberation movements.
Π’ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ экономичСскоС, финансовоС ΠΈ политичСскоС господство Β«Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π°Β» Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ противодСйствиС, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Π½Π°Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ глобальной классовой Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹. The growing economic, financial, and political dominance of the “golden billion” will inevitably provoke opposition, and lead to a growth in the global class struggle.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ явлСниСм Π² Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π΅ с ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ стало Β«Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅Β» Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, стихийно возникшСС нСсколько Π»Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ экономики, Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² Π΅Π΅ капиталистичСской Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹. Π’ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… акциях этого двиТСния ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ сотни тысяч Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ – прСдставитСли Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·ΠΎΠ², Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, экологичСских, ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ТСнских Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, массы просто Π½Π΅Π±Π΅Π·Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… людСй. The “alter-globalist” movement is a fundamentally new phenomenon in the fight against ultra-imperialism. It arose spontaneously several years ago. This movementΒ  does not oppose the internationalization of the world economy, but rather its capitalist form. Hundreds of thousands of people took part in this movement’s international protests, including representatives of radical trade unions, humanitarian, environmental, youth, and women’s movements, and masses of people who simply care.
Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ стрСмятся Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Π΅, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ‹ соврСмСнного Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ общСства, ΠΈ лишь Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ – ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ систСмы. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ€ΠΆΡƒΠ°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ Β«Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» двиТСния бСсспорСн. Most of its supporting organizations seek to eliminate some of the ugliest aspects of modern bourgeois society, and a few are entirely opposed to capitalism as a system. Nevertheless, the anti-bourgeois nature of the “alter-globalist” movement is undisputable.
ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ участников этого ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ двиТСния ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, противостоящий космополитизму Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. БущСствСнно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ядро Β«Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Β» ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ΠΈΠ· стран Β«Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π°Β». Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сопротивлСниС капиталистичСской Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ‚ расти ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Β«Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Β». This international movement unifies its participants in a new internationalism, opposing the cosmopolitanism of multinational companies and the nationalism of reactionary movements. It is significant that the core of “alter-globalists” is made up of groups from the “golden billion” countries. This means that resistance to capitalist globalization will actually grow from its “center.”
ΠšΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ…, Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ экономичСских, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… особСнностСй ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ страны ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. Class conflicts in the 21st century will progress in a variety of new forms, depending on the economic, social, and national characteristics of each country or region.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ двиТСния Π² капиталистичСских странах Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π° Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ срСдства ΠΊ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹, угнСтСния. Π—Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ… станут ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° социалистичСскиС Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ сСрСдины Π₯Π₯ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² Π•Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ΅, принимая Π·Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ острыС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹. The proletarian movement in capitalist Third World countries will fight for the necessary means of subsistence, against hunger, poverty and oppression. National liberation objectives will begin to play a prominent role. The social revolutions will largely resemble those of the early and mid-twentieth century in Europe, but often taking even more severe forms.
Π’ странах Π•Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ‹ ΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ АмСрики, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ потрСбности трудящихся Π² основном ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² силу этого, Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ нСравСнства ΠΈ нСсправСдливости, Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ творчСской саморСализации, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‡ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ‚ своСй Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ сущности ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ сСбС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, кризис нравствСнности ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ вмСстС с ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… странах, с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ политичСских Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ вСроятны ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ социалистичСских Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. In Europe and North America, the material needs of workers are mostly satisfied, and it is by virtue of this fact that problems are brought to the forefront. These are problems of social inequality and injustice, a lack of opportunity for professional and creative self-realization, the alienation of man from his tribal essence and from those like him, and a crisis of morality and culture. These can only be eliminated together with capitalism. Taking into account the existing political traditions in developed countries, relatively peaceful forms of socialist revolution are more likely to occur there.
Но, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‡Π΅, самим Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ истории мировая Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΡ снова вносится Π² повСстку дня. But one way or another, in the course of history, the world revolution will once again be the goal of the day.
Бмысл нашСй Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ – ΡƒΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ истории! The purpose of our work is to accelerate the movement of history!
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° I Π£Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ БъСздС Π›Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°, Москва, 18 октября 2008 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Adopted at the First Constituent Congress of the Left Front, Moscow, October 18, 2008

 

Below – Udaltsov speaks (in Russian) after the Russian presidential elections on March 5th, 2012. He vows to stay on the square until Putin leaves office. He was arrested several hours later. Warning – the video contains strong language.

 

About the Author

Josh Wilson

Josh has been with SRAS since 2003. He holds an M.A. in Theatre and a B.A. in History from Idaho State University, where his masters thesis was written on the political economy of Soviet-era censorship organs affecting the stage. He lived in Moscow from 2003-2022, where he ran Moscow operations for SRAS. At SRAS, Josh still assists in program development and leads our internship programs. He is also the editor-in-chief for the SRAS newsletter, the SRAS Family of Sites, and Vestnik. He has previously served as Communications Director to Bellerage Alinga and has served as a consultant or translator to several businesses and organizations with interests in Russia.

Program attended: All Programs

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Danya Spencer

Danya Spencer holds a Bachelor of Arts in Foreign Languages – Russian & Chinese from Lewis and Clark University. She is currently studying in the year-long Home and Abroad Program with SRAS. This program combines study abroad in Russia, and an intensive professional internship focusing on translation, research, and writing.

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